Pdf the technology of artificial lift methods kermit. May 21, 2011 the technology of artificial lift methods vol. The technology of artificial lift methods, volume 2, issue 1 part a introduction of artificial lift systems. Although all artificial lift methods can be distinguished based on the previous basic mechanisms, the customary classification is somewhat different as discussed below. Artificial lift methods are used to continuously remove liquids from a liquidloaded gas well. As a result, hydraulic lift is one of the most underserved lift methods in terms of automation technology. The technology of artificial lift methods volume 4.
Artificial lift augusto podio department of petroleum and geosystems engineering, university of texas at austin, austin, texas, usa keywords. Brown pennwell books pdf 491 pages 15 mb contents chapter 1 inflow perfo. During the early production stage of an oil well, the reservoir pressure should be high enough to push hydrocarbons up the wellbore to the surface. Oil field production phases the production of crude oil in oil reservoirs can include up to three distinct phases. Gas lift the technology of artificial lift methods, kermit e.
The book principles of artificial lift explains the basics and fundamentals as well as the recent technology advancements in the field of artificial lift of producing oil and gas wells. Electric submersible pumps esps are used only 4% of thewells. A comparison of efficiencies, expected production changes and actual pump efficiencies are used to select. Generally this is achieved by the use of a mechanical device inside the well known as pump or velocity string or by decreasing the weight of the hydrostatic column by injecting gas into the liquid some distance down the well. The technology of artificial lift methods kermit e. Artificial lift methods and surface operations pge 482 19. Sunday, march 09, 2014 artificial lift methods and surface operations pge 482 34 step 5. Options for removing accumulated fluid and improving flow in. Also, more useful system selection information can be found in the petroleum engineering handbook, volume iv. Pcp technology overview pcp systems offer lower capital costs for the same pump capacity as traditional pump and are the best choice for use in conditions that other artificial lift system cannot handle. Brown the technology of artificial lift methods vol 1 1980, pennwell corp.
Figure 11 examples of the primary methods of artificial lift. Comparison of multiphase pumping technologies for subsea and. Introduction to artificial lift methods advanced artificial lift methods pe 571 introduction advanced artificial lift methods introduction to artificial lift methods instructor. Economic and environmental benefits the installation of a plunger lift system serves as a costeffective alternative to beam lifts and well blowdown and. The technology of artificial lift methods brown, kermit e. Introduction of artificial lift systems beam pumping. When gas lift is used, highpressure gas provides the energy to enable the well to produce. Monday, september 30, 20 artificial lift methods and surface operations pge 482 23 monday, september 30, 20 artificial lift methods and surface operations pge 482 24 a comparison table showing the relative. It uses a ushaped double completion string in the wellbore, with a full bore bottom hole connector, and a. This book is written primarily for production engineers and petroleum engineering college students of senior level as well as graduate level. In most cases there will be two or three pumps that meet the volume and diameter requirements.
The technology of artificial lift methods by kermit e. Electric submersible centrifugal pumps, hydraulic pumping. It is intended for nontechnical readers and discusses the basics of these oil production principles. Brown the technology of artificial lift methods, pdf 24,6 mb 1977. Artificial lift refers to the use of artificial means to increase the flow of liquids, such as crude oil or water, from a production well. Review of fluid properties, multiphase flow regimes and all lifting methods. This can be done with a positivedisplacement downhole pump, such as a beam pump or a progressive cavity pump pcp, to lower the flowing pressure at the pump intake. Oilfield, production, pumping, gaslift, esp, pcp, plunger lift, hydrauliclift contents 1. Parameters will vary according to well situations and requirements and must be evaluated on a wellbywell basis. Artificial lift is a method used to lower the producing bottomhole pressure bhp on the formation to obtain a higher production rate from the well. Gas lift system demands a surface compressing unit and in the well gas lifts valves glvs. Artificial lift method an overview sciencedirect topics.
Comparison of multiphase pumping technologies for subsea. Artificial lift enhancing the halliburton product line. This paper discusses the various forms of artificial lift, and how an oil well is produced. Linked rods attached to an underground pump are connected to the surface unit. However, most deepwater oil fields ultimately require the artificial lift to maintain the production flow and achieve economic objectives. The moregeneric name of suckerrod lift, or suckerrod pumping, should be used to refer to all types of reciprocating rod lift methods.
Gas lift is a natural flow process in that the reservoir pressure is the driving energy to push fluid to the wellbore, up to the wellhead, and into the surface facility. The gas lift technology is one of the artificial lift techniques which provide lifting solutions. Gas lift, the technology of artificial lift methods p42443a, the technology of artificial methods, the technology of artificial lift. An elimination process higher volume hydraulic jet pumps electric submersible. Artificial lift is needed in wells when there is insufficient pressure the reservoir to lift the pr. Generally this is achieved by the use of mechanical device inside the well known as pump or velocity string. The course will provide basic knowledge of artificial lift. Pdf the technology of artificial lift methods volume 4. This action transfers the fluid from the pump intake to the pump discharge without shearing the fluid.
For a more detailed discussion regarding artificial lift system selection, refer to spe paper 52157 entitled selection of artificial lift by james lea and henry nickens. Technology of artificial lift methods, introduction of artificial lift systems, beam pumping design and analysis, gas lift, the petroleum publishing co. Yong bai, qiang bai, in subsea engineering handbook, 2010. Although the purpose of this book is to help as well as. The lack of energy in a reservoir can affect the flow rate of oil, gas, or water and artificial lift is used to supplement the reservoir energy. Artificial lift pcm moineautm range of pcp with flow rates up to 1,000 m3day 6,280 bfpd and head capabilities up to 2,600 m 8,530 ft, pcm offers the widest range of performance on the market. Artificial lift methods and constraints oilfieldwiki. Monday, september 30, 20 artificial lift methods and surface operations pge 482 15. It is intended for nontechnical readers and discusses. Gas lift, mostly continuous flow, comes in a distant second with lessthan 10% usage. The technology of artificial lift methods volume 4 kermit e. Hydraulic lift is the least common artificial lift method, with worldwide wellcount estimated at less than 5% of the overall population.
All other lift methods hydraulic reciprocating pumps, progressingcavity pumps, and plunger lift represent less than 5% total. The linked rods are normally called sucker rods and are usually long steel rods, from 58 to more than 1 or 1 14 in. The survey showed that, for subsea application, both the twinscrew pump tsp and the helicoaxial pump hap can handle high suction gas volume fraction gvf with a fluid recycling system, or flow mixer. Inflow performance, multiphase flow in pipes, the flowing well. Generally this is achieved by the use of a mechanical device inside the well known as pump or velocity string or by decreasing the weight of the hydrostatic column by injecting gas into the liquid some. Artificial lift is widely used in the shallow water of the gulf of mexico, but its use in deepwater 1,000 ft is limited. Ferguson beauregard plungerlift technology overview by ferguson. Aim of artificial lift systems reduce the weight of the hydrostatic column on the reservoir, by.
The technology of artificial lift methods volume 4 kermit. Inflow performance, multiphase flow in pipes, the flowing well brown, kermit e. Brown, the technology of artificial lift methods, volume 2b 610 pages pennwellbooks english pdf 127 mb total. May 12, 2011 the technology of artificial lift methods vol. Gas lift, the technology of artificial lift methodsp42443a, the technology of artificial methods, the technology of artificial lift. Values represent typical characteristics and ranges for each form of artificial lift. The technology of artificial lift methods, volume 4 book. The technology of artificial lift methods 1977 edition. Introduction to directional and horizontal drillin. Artificial lift is needed in wells when there is insufficient pressure the reservoir to lift the.
The use of artificial means to increase the flow of liquids, such as cruid oil or water from production well. Artificial lift refers to the use of mechanical devices artificial methods to increase the flow of fluids. The technology of artificial lift methods kermit brown vol 4. Maximum performances there are 39 pcm moineau progressing cavity pump models split into six series, from od 2. Esps are one of several methods of artificial lift that can be utilized by an oil producing company. Monday, september 30, 20 artificial lift methods and surface operations pge 482 9 plunger lift reciprocating progressive cavity pump plunger lift is a method of artificial lift that uses the wells own energy, either pressure or gas rate, to effectively lift fluids to the surface. Foaming agents work best if the fluid in the well is at least 50 percent water.
Artificial lift limitation volume versus depth high volume 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 gas. Options for removing accumulated fluid and improving flow. Pig lift is a new novel artificial lift method developed to solve some of these problems. Appendices working graphs, horizontal flowing pressure gradients.